Buddhism as a religious direction is the most ancient of the three main world religions.
This religion is common in the countries of Southeast and East Asia.
Religion arose 2.5 thousand years ago.
The founder of religion is the Prince of Siddhartha Gautam, who later accepted the name Buddha (‘Enlightened’).
Parents did not let the boy out of the palace so that he did not see the suffering of mankind – he did not learn about death, illness, old age. However, once he managed to go beyond the fence – and what he saw greatly shocked him.
He thought about the reasons that make a person unhappy and make a person’s life a difficult.
Siddhartha left the house from his wife and son to look for answers to questions that tormented him.
After 7 years of life, far from all of him, the truth was revealed, which he began to train those who came to him.
In Old Indian languages, the word Buddha means enlightened. However, you need to know that the word ‘Buddha’ – often means not only one person, often this word is a synonym for the word prophet. Buddhists believe that the Buddhas were before, a long time ago, and will be born in the future.
Siddhartha Gautama, whom we all know as a Buddha, was born in the 6th century BC.e., He was the first Buddha to be preserved written evidence.
It is known that he was from the royal family. At the age of about 29 years, unable to endure the pain and suffering that reigned in the world, he left home and wandered around India for six years like a monk. He was looking for answers to those questions that haunted him. Once, sitting under a large tree, enlightenment suddenly descended on him. And he realized the four most important truths that were called four noble truths:
- Life is full of suffering.
- Suffering is a person’s need.
- Suffering will stop if people can stop striving for power and excesses.
- In order to stop striving for excesses, people must follow 8 basic laws called octalide:
Buddha understood that for objective reasons, people cannot follow all 8 rules.
- People must find out the truth
- Try to resist evil
- not say anything that could harm other people
- appreciate life, property and morality
- work without harm to other people
- try to free your mind from evil
- control your feelings and thoughts
- Practice various forms of concentration.
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The purpose of Buddhism is to become a good person, as good as you can be. As an illustration of this situation, Buddhists give an example the story of an ant.
When an ant is making every effort to carry rice grain, an ant is no longer just an ant, he is the greatest ant in the world. But when the horse carries the same rice grain, for it this is not the biggest achievement.
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Today Buddhism is a world religion. People who follow the Buddha exercises are called Buddhists. There are more than 500 million Buddhists in the world. Buddhists value kindness, self -control, wisdom, calm and love.
Buddhism is the doctrine of spiritual awakening. The founder of the exercise is considered Siddhartha Gautam in the future, Buddha Shakyamuni began to call him. For several years, Buddha Shakyamuni watched his consciousness and came to the conclusion that they themselves are the cause of the suffering of people, their attachment to material values, to life. To stop human suffering and achieve an awakening, in which life is seen “such as it is” can be destroyed by destruction of these attachments using self -restraint. Buddha said that it is necessary to accept his teachings only by checking through personal experience. And the results will depend on the person himself. In order to help living beings in the cessation of their suffering, which is the main goal of Buddhism, Buddhists are primarily trying to get rid of selfish desires, anger and intolerance.
Buddha, in a literal translation, – ‘enlightened’, ‘awakened’.
The ancestor of Buddhism (one of the world religions) is considered to be the Buddha Shakyamuni (from the genus Shakya, who lived in 563-483 BC.e.). His name at birth is Siddhattha Gotam according to one version, and according to another Siddhartha Gautama. He is the most important figure in this religion. Stories, conversations with followers and sayings of Siddhattha Gautam formed the basis of the collection of sacred texts in Buddhism. I must say that in his teachings they listen to other religions, for example, in Hinduism.
Buddha was born (so we will call Siddhattha Gotama in the future) in the city of Lumbin, now this is the territory of Nepal.
Buddha’s father is Raja Shudddrandan, mother is the Queen of Mahamai (she died shortly after childbirth). The education of the boy was engaged in his native aunt in Mach Prajapati (she was also the wife of his father).
Father wanted his son to become a great ruler. He built 3 palaces for him, where his son used any benefits. He wanted to protect his son from religious teachings in which the suffering of people is known.
In childhood, Gautam in development ahead of peers in sports and science. At 16, he married Princess Yashodhar, they had a son Rahul.
However, after a while, the future Buddha was able to steal out of the palace and see the life of ordinary people. He saw only 4 ‘spectacles’, after which he looked at the world differently: a patient;poor old man, hermit and decaying corpse.
The harsh reality showed Gautam that wealth would not save from illness, aging, but later deaths. He realized that self -knowledge is a way of comprehending the causes of suffering. He leaves the palace and begins his path-post-free liberation from suffering.
On the way, he meets the beggar and changes his clothes with him. Wandering, he asks for alms. The ruler of Bimbisar learns about the wanderings of such a ‘high -ranking beggar and offers him the throne, but receives a refusal. During wanderings, the Buddha comprehends the knowledge of meditation, gains experience.
First, he leads an ascetic lifestyle, in many ways denying himself, but after 6 years he understands that asceticism rather depleted the flesh, which leads to enlightenment. He continued traveling in search of spiritual awakening. After years, he succeeded, he succeeded, he was submitted to the achievement of nirvana, it was after that he began to be called Buddha. So he realized that when the nirvana is reached, you can get rid of suffering.
He begins to preach his teachings to people, showing different miracles, in India he has many followers. People in crowds go to Buddha. The ruler of Bimbisara also followed Buddhism.
When Buddha was 80 years old, he stated that he would soon reach nirvana (absolute peace), and this is not death and not immortality, but a state that is beyond his comprehension of the mind. His words before death:
Buddha taught that there is no need to fall into extremes and the topic that suffering is our whole life (1 truth). The cause of suffering is a thirst for pleasure, life and death (2 truth). Suffering can be stopped (3 truth). To do this, you need to go an octagonal path
(4 Truth).
In short, this can be expressed in one phrase
There are many currents in Buddhism and on Buddhist monasteries you can often strengthen the inscription
Buddhism teaches not to focus on the dogmas and doubt it even in it, which is most accessible in the parable of the raft, which states that the teaching is needed only to come to awareness. It is as stupid to drag it behind you as to carry a raft after a crossing.
The essence of Buddhism can also be understood from other parables more detailed.
Buddhism rejects the presence of an anthropomorphic god, but not everything is so simple here (see. Pawing ‘is there God’) and always walked hand in hand with science. In connection with which the Dalai Lama 14 directly stated
There is no Buddhism, and there cannot be a denial of the possibility of developing society and changing its norms. Therefore, it is not condemned (but not encouraged) such things as homosexuality, sex change, vaccination, genetic engineering and others.
However, some provisions in it are still settled. So it prohibits commercial transplantation of organs and active euthanasia (however, the summation of the suffering of the dying with the use of medical means is condemned).
Buddhism rejects the opportunity to silence sins during life, as well as after death (for example, prayers for the deceased) see. paragraph ‘pebbles and oil’. But only the opportunity to atone them with affairs aimed at eliminating the suffering of living creatures.
An important part of Buddhism is the doctrine of ‘Maya’ (eternal dream of the world) inherited by him from Vedic roots.
This teaching resembles a current position on the holographic universe, as well as the movie ‘World on the Wire’ (Germany, 1973) Actually and the explanation of the same
Also contrary to the river. Descartes
In Buddhism, consciousness is called into question as something constant. After all, like our body, consciousness is also a passing thing and today it is not the same as it was 5 years ago. On mala it changes even within an hour.
The final goal of the Buddhist is to achieve nirvana and liberation from Sansara (a circle of birth and death). Although Gautama himself refused to leave for Nirvana, as long as there are at least one suffering living creature in the world.
Ohm.
Message about the Buddha on History Grade 5:
Buddha (enlightened) has more than one biography, it is both a real person and mythological divine creature. According to ancient traditions, the Buddha was born and died 550 times. He was born both in the body of animals and people. But the animal cannot become enlightened, but only a person.
There was no Buddha in history, but the most famous of them was Siddhartha Gautama. It was he who laid the foundation for the most ancient religion in the culture of India. He was a philosopher and religious figure. Siddhartha was born in India about 2000 years ago. He was the heir to the tsarist throne, a prince who was always surrounded by care and wealth. He did not know that there were old age, illness and death in the world. And as soon as he discovered these truths, he began to understand that the pleasures in life are unstable. Then the Buddha decided to find the way to get rid of people from grief and suffering, after which he left the palace and became a wandering hermit. Enlightenment overtook Siddhartha at 35 and he discovered the following:
Buddha began to spread his teachings and he had followers. They still exist and his philosophical worldview has become one of the most famous religions of the world.