She lives at an almost kilometer depth, to which acwalangists cannot plunge, and is still a source of scientific disputes.
The origin of the species and description
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Fish-fireplace is one of the most mysterious and poorly studied species of deep-sea inhabitants of the ocean. Belongs to the family of psycho -roller.
What does a fish fish look like, and that in general this species exists, the world found out about 100 years ago. The first description of a strange creature caught by Australian fishermen dates back to 1926.
The first representative of the species was called Psychrolutes Marcidus. Riddles begin with the very name. It combined two languages at once. If you translate literally, you get a lover of cold baths (from the ancient Greek “Psychrolutes”) and weakened (from Latin “Marcidus”). In Russia, this fish is often called a drop, in Australia-the Australian bull, and in the UK-a fish fish.
It would seem that almost a century has passed, and humanity did not solve the secrets of the fish fish: where it lives specifically, why it looks so strange, at what maximum depths it can multiply, what factors affect the choice of a partner. All because she lives at a large, almost kilometer depth, at which acwalangists cannot dive.
Appearance
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There are no indifferent to the appearance. Is it or “Oh, nyasha!”, Or” God, what a freak “. It seems that a creature with a drop -like body and huge lips with lowered corners and a common dull look and not fish at all. The firepower has no scales and strongly resembles a jelly-shaped clot. On her body there are small outgrowths similar to spikes, a small tail, there are small side fins. But all this is so weakly expressed that it is difficult to understand that in front of you, at first sight, is quite difficult.
In the water, Psychrolutes Marcidus also resembles brothers, and raised to the surface, begins to stick together. The fact is that the firefly fish in the natural environment, being at a great depth, experiences a large pressure of the water column. It was because of this that she had to evolve so peculiarly. The assumption that, being a particularly mobile, moreover, deprived of protection in the form of scales and sharp teeth, Psychrolutes Marcidus preferred literally to heal to the bottom, was not without logic.
With its expression of universal sadness, the frame fish is owed to the features of the structure of the front of the head-the interiorbital space is wider than the diameter of the eyes. Therefore, it seems that she is about to cry. Her muzzle with a huge nose and small eyes is most reminiscent of an offended mummy-troll.
Pisces of this species have the most different: from the whitish-brown and pink to gray-blue and gray-green. It is interesting that in most copies in the color saturation in water are less bright, and when interacting with air and light, the color becomes more saturated. But it happens and vice versa. Fishermen joke on this subject, saying that some fish-toe pale pale with fear, while others are covered with blush from embarrassment.
Hence the question that is very interested in scientists: why is the palette of coloring different individuals so diverse. Some argue that it depends on the color of bottom deposits at the habitat of the fish and it simply masks under them. Others insist that in the darkness of the water of the color to discern and it is so impossible. However, young individuals have a lighter color, which darkens with age.
One way or another, thanks to such an extraordinary appearance, a fish fish, which is also called the “bull-goby,” beats the ratings of the strangest creatures on the planet. The Internet community praised the extraordinary appearance. Photos with her gave rise to many memes. And the film industry also made an actress: the appearance of the facel fish appears in such cult tapes as “X-Files” and “people in black”.
How much fish fish live
The fiber-frame grows quickly enough and lives only 5-15 years. It is assumed that the subspecies that live at great depths live longer, but there is no reliable scientific evidence for this yet, and this is a question that has yet to be studied.
The body length of the fish-tobaculation, as a rule, does not exceed 30 centimeters, but larger individuals are also found. Fish weight can reach 10-12 kilograms. The parameters are relatively small for the inhabitant of the oceanic depths.
Where the frame fish lives?
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The habitat of this mysterious creature is the deep cold waters of the Indian, Pacific and Atlantic Oceans. Most often, fish can be found off the coast of New Zealand and in the depths of the waters off the southeastern coast of Australia, near the island of Tasmania. Over the past two decades, Fish-can have been found near the shores of Japan, Indonesia and even the northern coast of California.
At the same time, PSYCHROLUTES MARCIDUS – “Fish -Homeless”, it almost never leaves forced places and extremely rarely rises to a depth of higher than 600 meters. This means that it is quite difficult to study it. Ideally, in order to shed light on the riddles of fish, it is necessary to observe it in a natural habitat. But deep -sea research is expensive and specially for studying Psychrolutes, products are highly reluctant to stand out. She gets into the lens rather by accident.
Classification
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Due to a number of natural features, scientists could not classify fish-drill for a long time. After long disputes, it was decided to consider it Horde by type and a rainer in the class, a squad of scorch -shaped ones, the type of psycho -grinding.
Psychelite families of radiant fish is a cross between horned fish and sea slugs. Many of them just have bare skin. Distinguish 11 clans united by two subfamily. And the closest relatives of fish are considered cottage and soft white-tailed and warty bulls.
Two subspecies of psycho -grinders are known: Psychrolutes marcidus, which are not more than a kilometer, having a medium size and low weight, and the inhabitants of the kilometer naval purple Psychrolutes Phrittus, reaching a weight of up to 12, or even 14 kilograms.
However, this classification is still not accurate. Scientists hope that modern technologies will help them learn more about mysterious fish.
What is the fireplace fish?
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Despite the hilarious appearance, the fiber is by no means a harmless herbivore. She is a predator, though extremely lazy and let’s say, far from the surrender of the TRP standards. Her muscles are not developed, the speed is low.
Therefore, in order not to starve to starve, psycho -roller simply swims slowly or completely lies in place with an open mouth, waiting for small invertebrates and plankton themselves swim in her mouth.
Features of lifestyle
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Another amazing feature of psycho -grinding is the absence of a swimming bladder. At a depth of 600 meters, the pressure is 60 times higher than the fact that it is above the sea level, and it is 120 times higher than on the surface of 1200 meters (maximum depth of habitat of fish. Of course, not a single floating bubble can work normally under such a nest. And to stay afloat without any energy costs by these gelatinous fish manages due to body weight, the density of which is slightly lower than that of the water in their natural habitats. This is one of the most important survival conditions of the whole type.
Psycho -rollers are endemic individuals, they are characterized by a binding to a specific habitat. The abyss, impenetrable darkness and complete solitude are the perfect environment.
Propagation and offspring
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Psycho -grip is unique in demographic processes. She can truly be called the best mother among fish. Postponing eggs, she does not leave the masonry until the birth of offspring.
Later, the miracle fish-mother continues to patronize its offspring. The family holds a heap until the fry grow up, get used to and gain independence.
It is still not known exactly how Psychrolutes has a marriage ritual, and whether he is at all, how they are looking for a partner and how they are preparing for spawning. So far, scientists agree that they interrupt their loneliness of fish-tobows only to continue the genus.
Natural enemies
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As for enemies, there is practically no psycho -roller in the water. A secretive lifestyle, excellent disguise and slowness, which does not attract attention, make it almost invulnerable. Unless, by chance, it will fall into the field of view of a rare deep-sea predator-a giant squid or a piddle-pipe. The only real threat to her is the most terrible and merciless creature – a person who has learned to raise fish from the very depths to the surface.
With the development of deep -sea fish fishing, psycho -grows began to get into trawl networks increasingly, which threatened to exterminate extermination. Moreover, no one hunts specially on them, they fall on the network by accident, along with squid and lobsters.
As a product of food, a fish is a fisheries, although not poisonous, is a very dubious gastronomic interest. Fans of exoticism and residents of Asian countries, flavoring a huge number of spices use their tasteless jelly -shaped fatty mass.
Population and status of the species
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The fact that the fishermen do not let go of randomly captured psycholes is again to blame for the amazing appearance of these fish. They are sold as a curiosity, but more often they are used simply as an advertisement. The counter, where there is a fish fish, invariably attracts attention, increasing the revenue of the merchant.
For a deep -sea inhabitant, the rise to the surface and, accordingly, a change in pressure is detrimental. The psycho -grip dies in a matter of minutes, after which its carcass is processed and sold to tourists as a souvenir.
To calculate at least the approximate number of individuals of this secretive type of fish is not possible. The population is restored very slowly, it will take more than ten years to increase the number of only.
No less threat to the population of not only these fish, but also other inhabitants of the abysses, carries garbage, which inexorably accumulates at the bottom, secreting harmful toxins and poisoning the world ocean.
Now the united community of scientists – ecologists, biologists, oceanographers, as well as initiative groups of citizens are trying to achieve the assignment of PSYCHROLUTES MARCIDUS status of the species, which is under the threat of extinction.
However, officially this status is still not fixed by representatives of all countries in the zone of which an unusual fish lives. It remains only hoping that the psycho -rollers will not die out, and their riddles will not be disappeared in water downwards.